Background

The National Youth Policy (PNJ) of Cameroon was conceived as a strategic framework to harness the potential of the country's youth in contributing to national development. With over 60% of Cameroon’s population under the age of 25, youth represent a significant demographic that is critical to the country's socio-economic progress. The genesis of the PNJ can be traced back to the recognition of the challenges and opportunities associated with this youthful demographic.

Causes and Motivations

• Demographic Pressure: The rapid growth of the youth population in Cameroon has created a pressing need for policies that address their unique needs and aspirations. The youth represent a vital resource for the country, but also pose challenges if not adequately engaged and empowered.
• Unemployment and Underemployment: High levels of unemployment and underemployment among young people are major concerns. Many young Cameroonians lack access to quality education and skills training, which limits their employment prospects.
• Education and Skills Gap: The existing education system often fails to equip young people with the skills required by the labor market. This mismatch between education and employment opportunities has motivated the development of targeted training and education initiatives.
• Social and Economic Inclusion: There is a need to promote social and economic inclusion among all young people, particularly those from marginalized groups. This includes addressing issues related to gender equality, access to health services, and social protection.
• Political Engagement: Encouraging youth participation in political and civic processes is seen as essential for fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility among young people in shaping their communities and the nation.
• Climate Change: The impact of climate change is increasingly affecting young people, necessitating their involvement in environmental protection and sustainable development efforts.
• Youth Peace and Security: The involvement of youth in peacebuilding initiatives is crucial in addressing the ongoing conflicts and ensuring long-term stability.
• Sustainable Development Goals: Aligning youth policies with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is essential for ensuring that young people contribute to and benefit from global development efforts.
• Digitalization of the World: The rapid digitalization of the global economy requires that youth be equipped with digital skills to compete and thrive in this new environment.
• National Development Strategy: The PNJ aligns with Cameroon's National Development Strategy (NDS30), which aims to transform the economy and improve human capital.
• Agenda 2063 of the African Union: The PNJ also aligns with the African Union's Agenda 2063, which envisions an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa driven by its citizens, including its youth.
• The African Youth Charter: The PNJ supports the principles outlined in the African Youth Charter, which seeks to empower young people to participate in the continent's development.

Objectives of the PNJ

• Empowerment: Empower young people to participate actively in economic, social, cultural, and political life.
• Education and Training: Improve access to quality education and vocational training to enhance employability and entrepreneurship among youth.
• Health and Well-being: Promote healthy lifestyles and access to healthcare services, with a focus on reproductive health and mental health.
• Social Inclusion: Ensure the social inclusion of all youth, with special attention to vulnerable and marginalized groups.
• Civic Engagement: Foster civic responsibility and encourage young people to contribute to the democratic process and community development.
• Combating Gender-Based Violence: Implement strategies to prevent and respond to gender-based violence, ensuring the safety and well-being of young people.

Implementation and Strategy

• Policy Integration: Integrating youth policy across different sectors to ensure a coordinated approach to youth development.
• Partnerships and Collaboration: Building partnerships with local and international organizations to leverage resources and expertise.
• Capacity Building: Strengthening the capacity of youth organizations and institutions to effectively implement and advocate for youth policies.
• Monitoring and Evaluation: Establishing mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the impact of youth programs and policies to ensure accountability and continuous improvement.

Effects and Impact

• Economic Growth: By equipping young people with the skills needed for the labor market, the PNJ contributes to economic growth and development.
• Social Cohesion: Promoting social inclusion and reducing inequalities among youth fosters greater social cohesion and stability.
• Political Stability: Engaging young people in civic and political processes helps to build a more democratic and participatory society.
• Improved Health Outcomes: Access to healthcare and promotion of healthy lifestyles lead to improved health outcomes for young people.
• Reduction of Gender-Based Violence: The PNJ's focus on combating gender-based violence contributes to safer communities and the well-being of young people.

Challenges and Opportunities

The implementation of the PNJ faces several challenges, including limited resources, coordination among stakeholders, and reaching marginalized youth. However, it also presents opportunities to harness the potential of the youth demographic as a driver of innovation and change.

Conclusion

The National Youth Policy of Cameroon represents a comprehensive approach to addressing the multifaceted needs of the country's youth. By focusing on empowerment, education, health, social inclusion, and civic engagement, the PNJ aims to build a strong foundation for the future development of Cameroon, with youth at the forefront of this transformation.